PCOS & Irregular Periods

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal conditions in people with ovaries, affecting roughly 1 in 10. One of its main signs is irregular or absent periods. Understanding the basics helps you advocate for yourself with healthcare providers.

What PCOS is

PCOS is a hormonal condition involving elevated androgens (male-pattern hormones like testosterone), irregular ovulation, and often (not always) ovarian cysts visible on ultrasound. Despite the name, you don't need cysts to have PCOS.

Common signs

Irregular cycles (35+ days apart, or fewer than 8 periods per year), heavy periods when they come, acne, increased facial or body hair, hair thinning on the head, weight gain that's hard to shift, and difficulty getting pregnant.

How it's diagnosed

Doctors typically use the Rotterdam criteria: 2 of 3 of (irregular ovulation, signs of high androgens, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound). Bloodwork checks hormones and rules out other conditions. There's no single test.

How tracking helps

Bringing detailed cycle data, symptom logs, and patterns to your doctor turns a vague conversation into a productive one. PCOS management often includes lifestyle adjustments, sometimes medication (metformin, hormonal birth control, or others depending on goals).